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153 of 161
The Lukala Cement Plant's Life Cycle Analysis: Towards a More Sustainable Production
André Mampuya Nzita
155 of 161
Gaussian-Transform for the Dirac Wave Function and its Application to the Multicenter Molecular Integral Over Dirac Wave Functions for Solving the Molecular Matrix Dirac Equation
Kazuhiro Ishida
Abstract

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Engineering Group Review Article Article ID: igmin265

High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Studies of the Natural Minerals of Gas Hydrates and Occurrence of Mixed Phases

Energy Systems DOI10.61927/igmin265
M Yousuf 1 and
SB Qadri * 2
Affiliation

Affiliation

    1The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA

    2Emeritus, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA

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Abstract

The types and concentrations of gas hydrates collected from four different geological sites were analyzed using high-resolution angular dispersive X-ray powder diffraction, with synchrotron radiation as the source. Measurements were taken across a temperature range of 80 to 300 K and a pressure range of 0.1 to 80 MPa. All four gas hydrate samples showed the presence of three mixed crystal structures: structures I, II, and H. Additionally, the ice Ih structure was inherently present in all the natural gas hydrate minerals. The variation in the types and concentrations of gas hydrates can be attributed to the diversity of natural gases at different geographic locations.

Figures

Unit cells of hydrate structures II (a), I (b), and H (c). The building blocks are in the form of cages formed by water molecules. Structures I and II have two types of cages; structure H has three types of cages. Figure 1: Unit cells of hydrate structures II (a), I (b), an...
Powder diffraction pattern for the hydrate sample of Cascadia Margin, showing major constituents are ice Ih and hydrate sI. Figure 2: Powder diffraction pattern for the hydrate sample ...
X-ray Powder diffraction pattern for the hydrate sample from Bush Hill, Gulf of Mexico. The major structures of the sample are ice Ih and hydrate sII. Figure 3: X-ray Powder diffraction pattern for the hydrate s...
Powder diffraction pattern for the hydrate sample from Green Canyon, Northern Gulf of Mexico. The major structures of the sample are ice Ih and hydrate sII. A major conclusion gleaned from the powder pattern is that the quantity of hydrate samples is much more than ice. Figure 4: Powder diffraction pattern for the hydrate sample ...

References

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