From Motor Augmentation to Body Enhancement, the Harmony between Human Body and Artificial Parts

Liming YU; Bohan LV; Xin LI; Yuhang Wang; Ifeoluwa David Oyename

doi:10.61927/igmin212

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Engineering Group Mini Review Article ID: igmin212

From Motor Augmentation to Body Enhancement, the Harmony between Human Body and Artificial Parts

Biomedical Engineering

Liming YU ^* ¹ ,

Bohan LV ² ,

Xin LI ¹ ,

Yuhang Wang ¹ and

Ifeoluwa David Oyename

Affiliation

School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

Beijing Precision Electromechanical Control Equipment Research Institute, Beijing 100071, China

School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

DOI10.61927/igmin212 Fulltext HTML Fulltext PDF Cite this Article

Abstract

Based on the recent study of the Third Thumb at the University of Cambridge, one profound question is arising: Do human beings and the human body need a Third Thumb? This article introduces briefly motor augmentation and human augmentation emerging in decades compared to human enhancement, then focuses on three concerns deriving from the methodology of engineering system design including the relationship of system and part, main function and auxiliary function, and engineering system evolution and human evolution, so as to discuss the coordination between the human body and artificial parts generated by wearable interactive technology employed in motor augmentation.

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References

Grinschgl S, Tawakol Z, Neubauer AC. Human enhancement and personality: A new approach towards investigating their relationship. Heliyon. 2022;8(5):e09359. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35574200/
Pirmagomedov R, Koucheryavy Y. IoT technologies for Augmented Human: A survey. Internet of Things. 2021;14:100120.. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2019.100120
Battle-Fisher M. Transhuman, posthuman and complex humanness in the 21^st Ethics Med Public Health. 2020; 13:100400. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2019.07.001
Rueda J. The ethics of doing human enhancement ethics. Futures. 2023;153:103236. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2023.103236
De Boeck M, Vaes K. Human augmentation and its new design perspectives. Int J Des Creat Innov. 2024;12(1):61-80. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21650349.2023.2288125
Fey V, Rivin E. Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/innovation-on-demand/4349A99BF31EF25B3ABED4D424A4B2BC
Brierley C. Getting to grips with an extra thumb, It's easier than you might think. 2024. Available from: https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/third-thumb
McFarland A. Robotic ‘Third Thumb’ Changes How Hand is Represented in Brain. Available from: https://www.unite.ai/robotic-third-thumb-changes-how-hand-is-represented-in-brain/
Kieliba P, Clode D, Maimon-Mor RO, Makin TR. Robotic hand augmentation drives changes in neural body representation. Science Robotics. 2021;6(54).. Available from: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abd7935
Eden J, Bräcklein M, Ibáñez J, Barsakcioglu DY, Di Pino G, Farina D, et al. Principles of human movement augmentation and the challenges in making it a reality. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):1345. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35292665/
Prattichizzo D, Pozzi M, Baldi TL, Malvezzi M, Hussain I, Rossi S, et al. Human augmentation by wearable supernumerary robotic limbs: Review and perspectives. Prog Biomed Eng. 2021;3:042005. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2516-1091/ac2294
Alicea B. An Integrative Introduction to Human Augmentation Science. 2018. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.10521
Rueda J, Pugh J, Savulescu J. The morally disruptive future of reprogenetic enhancement technologies. Trends Biotechnol. 2023;41(5):589-592. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36396521/
Raisamo R, Rakkolainen I, Majaranta P, Salminen K, Rantala J, Farooq A, Human Moore. Enhancing me: the hope and the hype of human enhancement. Chichester, UK: Wiley/Dana Centre; 2008.

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[1] Grinschgl S, Tawakol Z, Neubauer AC. Human enhancement and personality: A new approach towards investigating their relationship. Heliyon. 2022;8(5):e09359. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35574200/

[2] Pirmagomedov R, Koucheryavy Y. IoT technologies for Augmented Human: A survey. Internet of Things. 2021;14:100120.. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2019.100120

[3] Battle-Fisher M. Transhuman, posthuman and complex humanness in the 21^st Ethics Med Public Health. 2020; 13:100400. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2019.07.001

[4] Rueda J. The ethics of doing human enhancement ethics. Futures. 2023;153:103236. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2023.103236

[5] De Boeck M, Vaes K. Human augmentation and its new design perspectives. Int J Des Creat Innov. 2024;12(1):61-80. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21650349.2023.2288125

[6] Fey V, Rivin E. Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/innovation-on-demand/4349A99BF31EF25B3ABED4D424A4B2BC

[7] Brierley C. Getting to grips with an extra thumb, It's easier than you might think. 2024. Available from: https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/third-thumb

[8] McFarland A. Robotic ‘Third Thumb’ Changes How Hand is Represented in Brain. Available from: https://www.unite.ai/robotic-third-thumb-changes-how-hand-is-represented-in-brain/

[9] Kieliba P, Clode D, Maimon-Mor RO, Makin TR. Robotic hand augmentation drives changes in neural body representation. Science Robotics. 2021;6(54).. Available from: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abd7935

[10] Eden J, Bräcklein M, Ibáñez J, Barsakcioglu DY, Di Pino G, Farina D, et al. Principles of human movement augmentation and the challenges in making it a reality. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):1345. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35292665/

[11] Prattichizzo D, Pozzi M, Baldi TL, Malvezzi M, Hussain I, Rossi S, et al. Human augmentation by wearable supernumerary robotic limbs: Review and perspectives. Prog Biomed Eng. 2021;3:042005. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2516-1091/ac2294

[12] Alicea B. An Integrative Introduction to Human Augmentation Science. 2018. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.10521

[13] Rueda J, Pugh J, Savulescu J. The morally disruptive future of reprogenetic enhancement technologies. Trends Biotechnol. 2023;41(5):589-592. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36396521/

[14] Raisamo R, Rakkolainen I, Majaranta P, Salminen K, Rantala J, Farooq A, Human Moore. Enhancing me: the hope and the hype of human enhancement. Chichester, UK: Wiley/Dana Centre; 2008.

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