Into the Deep: Diving Record for the Dice Snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) in Lake Orta, NW Italy

Stefano Bovero; Paola Viviana Trovò

doi:10.61927/igmin179

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Science Group Case Report Article ID: igmin179

Into the Deep: Diving Record for the Dice Snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) in Lake Orta, NW Italy

Biodiversity Ethology Ecology

Stefano Bovero ^* ¹ and

Paola Viviana Trovò ²

Affiliation

“Zirichiltaggi” Sardinia Wildlife Conservation NGO, Sassari (SS), Italy

Management Body of the Protected Areas of Ticino and Lake Maggiore, Cameri (NO), Italy

DOI10.61927/igmin179 Fulltext HTML Fulltext PDF Cite this article

Abstract

Many snakes live close to water, with several groups displaying morphological, physiological, or behavioral adaptions to aquatic environments. Although marine snakes have been found at depths beyond 200 m, freshwater snakes are rarely reported at depths larger than a few meters. Here we report freshwater depth records for the dice snake Natrix tessellata, an aquatic snake belonging to the family Natricidae. Dice snake was observed at depths down to 17 m, including in habitats below the thermocline, in Lake Orta (Northern Italy). These observations open new perspectives related to the biology and physiology of Palearctic freshwater snakes belonging to the family Natricidae.

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References

Pauwels O, Wallach V, David P. Global diversity of snakes (Serpentes; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia. 2008; 595(1):599-605.
CAREY JE, WRIGHT EA. Isolation of the neurotoxic component of the venom of the sea snake, Enhydrina schistosa. Nature. 1960 Jan 9;185:103-4. doi: 10.1038/185103b0. PMID: 13807688.
Dunson WA, Packer RK, Dunson MK. Sea Snakes: An Unusual Salt Gland under the Tongue. Science. 1971 Jul 30;173(3995):437-41. doi: 10.1126/science.173.3995.437. PMID: 17770448.
Graham JB. Aquatic respiration in the sea snake Pelamis platurus. Respir Physiol. 1974 Jul;21(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(74)90002-4. PMID: 4846936.
Graham JB, Gee JH, Robison FS. Hydrostatic and gas exchange functions of the lung of the sea snake Pelamis platurus. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1975; 50(3):477–482.
Schwenk K. Comparative anatomy and physiology of chemical senses in nonavian aquatic reptiles. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. DOI:10.1525/california/9780520252783.003.0005
Crowe-Riddell J, D'Anastasi B, Nankivell J, Rasmussen A, Sanders K. First records of sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) diving to the mesopelagic zone (>200 m). Austral Ecology. 2019; 44:10.1111/aec.12717
Murphy JC. Homalopsid Snakes Evolution In The Mud. Krieger Publishing Company Melbourne (FL). 2007; 296.
Schaeffer F. Underwater vision in semi-aquatic european snakes. Naturwissenschaften. 1991; 78: 373-375.
Brecko J, Vervust B, Herrel A, Van Damme R. Head Morphology and Diet in the Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) in The Dice Snake, Natrix tessellata: Biology, Distribution and Conservation of a Palaearctic Species. Mertensiella. Konrad Mebert Editor, Rheinback. 2011; 20-29.
Scali S. Ecological Comparison of the Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) and the Viperine Snake (Natrix maura) in Northern Italy. in The Dice Snake, Natrix tessellata: Biology, Distribution andConservation of a Palaearctic Species. Mertensiella. Konrad Mebert Editor, Rheinback. 2011; 131- 144.
Luiselli L, Rugiero L. Food niche partitioning by water snakes (Genus Natrix) at a freshwater environment in central Italy. – Journal of Freshwater Ecology. 1991; 6: 439–444.
Gruschwitz M, Lenz S, Mebert K, Lanka V. Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) – Würfelnatter. – in Böhme, W. (Ed.): Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Vol. 3/Schlangen II. – AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany. 1999; 581– 644.
Litvinov N, Bakiev AG, Mebert K. Thermobiology and Microclimate of the Dice Snake at its Northern Range Limit in Russia. Mertensiella. 2011; 18:330-335.
Böhme W. Handbuch der reptilien und amphibien Europas. Band 3/IIA: Schlangen II. Aula-Verlag GmbH, Wiebelsheim. 1999; ISBN: 9783891046166.
Janev B, Mebert K. Ecological Partitioning between Dice Snakes (Natrix tessellata) and Grass Snakes (Natrix natrix) in Southern Croatia. 2011; 18:225-233.
Strugariu A, Gherghel I, Ghira I, Covaciu-Marcov SD, Mebert C. Distribution, Habitat Preferences and Conservation of the Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) in Romania. in The Dice Snake, Natrix tessellata: Biology, Distribution and Conservation of a Palaearctic Species. Mertensiella. Konrad Mebert Editor, Rheinback. 2011; 272- 287.

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[1] Pauwels O, Wallach V, David P. Global diversity of snakes (Serpentes; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia. 2008; 595(1):599-605.

[2] CAREY JE, WRIGHT EA. Isolation of the neurotoxic component of the venom of the sea snake, Enhydrina schistosa. Nature. 1960 Jan 9;185:103-4. doi: 10.1038/185103b0. PMID: 13807688.

[3] Dunson WA, Packer RK, Dunson MK. Sea Snakes: An Unusual Salt Gland under the Tongue. Science. 1971 Jul 30;173(3995):437-41. doi: 10.1126/science.173.3995.437. PMID: 17770448.

[4] Graham JB. Aquatic respiration in the sea snake Pelamis platurus. Respir Physiol. 1974 Jul;21(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(74)90002-4. PMID: 4846936.

[5] Graham JB, Gee JH, Robison FS. Hydrostatic and gas exchange functions of the lung of the sea snake Pelamis platurus. Comp Biochem Physiol. 1975; 50(3):477–482.

[6] Schwenk K. Comparative anatomy and physiology of chemical senses in nonavian aquatic reptiles. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. DOI:10.1525/california/9780520252783.003.0005

[7] Crowe-Riddell J, D'Anastasi B, Nankivell J, Rasmussen A, Sanders K. First records of sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) diving to the mesopelagic zone (>200 m). Austral Ecology. 2019; 44:10.1111/aec.12717

[8] Murphy JC. Homalopsid Snakes Evolution In The Mud. Krieger Publishing Company Melbourne (FL). 2007; 296.

[9] Schaeffer F. Underwater vision in semi-aquatic european snakes. Naturwissenschaften. 1991; 78: 373-375.

[10] Brecko J, Vervust B, Herrel A, Van Damme R. Head Morphology and Diet in the Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) in The Dice Snake, Natrix tessellata: Biology, Distribution and Conservation of a Palaearctic Species. Mertensiella. Konrad Mebert Editor, Rheinback. 2011; 20-29.

[11] Scali S. Ecological Comparison of the Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) and the Viperine Snake (Natrix maura) in Northern Italy. in The Dice Snake, Natrix tessellata: Biology, Distribution andConservation of a Palaearctic Species. Mertensiella. Konrad Mebert Editor, Rheinback. 2011; 131- 144.

[12] Luiselli L, Rugiero L. Food niche partitioning by water snakes (Genus Natrix) at a freshwater environment in central Italy. – Journal of Freshwater Ecology. 1991; 6: 439–444.

[13] Gruschwitz M, Lenz S, Mebert K, Lanka V. Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) – Würfelnatter. – in Böhme, W. (Ed.): Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Vol. 3/Schlangen II. – AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany. 1999; 581– 644.

[14] Litvinov N, Bakiev AG, Mebert K. Thermobiology and Microclimate of the Dice Snake at its Northern Range Limit in Russia. Mertensiella. 2011; 18:330-335.

[15] Böhme W. Handbuch der reptilien und amphibien Europas. Band 3/IIA: Schlangen II. Aula-Verlag GmbH, Wiebelsheim. 1999; ISBN: 9783891046166.

[16] Janev B, Mebert K. Ecological Partitioning between Dice Snakes (Natrix tessellata) and Grass Snakes (Natrix natrix) in Southern Croatia. 2011; 18:225-233.

[17] Strugariu A, Gherghel I, Ghira I, Covaciu-Marcov SD, Mebert C. Distribution, Habitat Preferences and Conservation of the Dice Snake (Natrix tessellata) in Romania. in The Dice Snake, Natrix tessellata: Biology, Distribution and Conservation of a Palaearctic Species. Mertensiella. Konrad Mebert Editor, Rheinback. 2011; 272- 287.