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Lunar-Derived Propellants for Fueling Mars-Bound Spacecraft in Cis-Lunar Space

From Traditionalism to Algorithms: Embracing Artificial Intelligence for Effective University Teaching and Learning

LC-MS and HPLC-UV for Detecting Uremic Toxins: Two Validated Methods with Simultaneous Sensitivity and Specificity Evaluation

Kinetic Study of the Removal of Reafix Yellow B8G Dye by Boiler Ash

Macrorhabdus ornithogaster-associated Avian Macrorhabdosis: A Narrative Review

The Kazakh Language Requires Reform of its Writing

Federated Learning- Hope and Scope

Artificial Intelligence & the Capacity for Discrimination: The Imperative Need for Frameworks, Diverse Teams & Human Accountability

Risk Contagion Effects of Interconnected Manufacturing Enterprises

Massive Solar PV Potential in Sri Lanka

Various Media used to Detoxify Abrus precatorius - A Mini Review

Biomimetic Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate in Bile in the presence of Amino Acids

IoT-based Real-time Temperature Monitoring in Critical Systems: A Review

The University Sector is Converging on Manufacturing in UK

General Solutions for MHD Motions of Viscous Fluids with Viscosity Linearly Dependent on Pressure in a Planar Channel

The Lukala Cement Plant's Life Cycle Analysis: Towards a More Sustainable Production

Association and New Therapy Perspectives in Post-Stroke Aphasia with Hand Motor Dysfunction

Development of a Mechanical Seal Closed Design Model

The Impact of Stress on Periodontal Health: A Biomarker-Based Review of Current Evidence

Modeling of an Electric-fired Brick Oven, Directly Heated

A Rare Case of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMP)

Homologous Series of Chemical Compounds in Three-component Systems (Aa+ – Bb+ – Cc–) and (Zn2+ - Ge4+ - P3-) in Generalized Form

Diagnostic Challenges in Pancreatic Tumors

Reliability Evaluation of Professional Assessments

A Study of Multi-Pose Effects On a Face Recognition System

A Comprehensive Review of Federated Learning in Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction

Utilising Phytoremediation in Green Technologies: Exploring Natural Means of Environmental Clean-up

Influence of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on the Calorimetric and Physicomechanical Properties of Mortar

The Conceptual View of the Department of Combat use of Communication Units on the Creation of a Training Game Complex for Training Military Specialists on the Basis of Leadership

Abrasive Wear in Some High Fe-Cr-C Alloy in Cement Powder

The Impact of Teledentistry on Modern Dental Practice

The Model for Clinical, Laboratory, and Genetic Prediction of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke against the Background of Laboratory Aspirin Resistance using Machine Learning

Examining the Causal Connection between Lipid-lowering Medications and Malignant Meningiomas through Drug-target Mendelian Randomization Analysis

From Motor Augmentation to Body Enhancement, the Harmony between Human Body and Artificial Parts

Problem of Surface Waves on Water in Higher School Laboratory Workshop

Sorption-based Spectrophotometric Assay for Lead(II) with Immobilized Azo Ligand

A Mini Review on Women’s Health, Focus on Menopause and Metabolic Challenges

A New Modification of Classification of Traumatic Patients with Pelvic Fracture

Levetiracetam-induced Rhabdomyolysis - A Rare Complication

Exploring Upper Limb Kinematics in Limited Vision Conditions: Preliminary Insights from 3D Motion Analysis and IMU Data

The Influence of Dynamical Downscaling and Boundary Layer Selection on Egypt’s Potential Evapotranspiration using a Calibrated Version of the Hargreaves-samani Equation: RegCM4 Approach

Roadmap for Greening the Economy of Turkmenistan

Into the Deep: Diving Record for the Dice Snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) in Lake Orta, NW Italy

New HMPV Virus Outbreak: Emerging Concerns and Public Health Implications

The Intersection of Artificial Intelligence in Public Health and Personalized Cancer Therapy

Lifestyle and Well-being among Portuguese Firefighters

AI-Driven Smart Auditory Health Systems: Bridging Audiology and Public Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Innovative Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Peri-implantitis

Effect of Rainfall on Water Parameters in Recreational Lakes in Heidelberg, Germany

About the Problem of Climate Warming

An Open Letter to the 2022 Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics

Investigation of Lateral Vibrations in Turbine-generator Unit 5 of the Inga 2 Hydroelectric Power Plant

A Comprehensive Methodology for Assessing the Business Reputation of Industrial and Production Personnel

The Imperative for Modern Public Cloud Providers to Upgrade Their Data Centers

Compatibility Analysis of Frequency Containment Reserve and Load Frequency Control Functions

Correlation between Different Factors of Non-point Source Pollution in Yangtze River Basin

Enhancing Material Property Predictions through Optimized KNN Imputation and Deep Neural Network Modeling

Comparative Analysis of Lattice Pylons and Polygonal Monopods in the SNEL SA Electricity Network

Study of the Histological Features of the Stroma of High-Grade Gliomas Depending on the Status of the Mutation in the IDH1 Gene

Balancing Act: Exploring the Interplay Between Human Judgment and Artificial Intelligence in Problem-solving, Creativity, and Decision-making

Challenge and Readiness to Implemented Geothermal Energy in Indonesia

Prevalence of Non-specific Low Back Pain Among Chinese Healthcare Workers (Surgeons and Surgical Nurses): A Multi-Center Survey Study

Risks and Effects of Medicinal Plants as an Adjuvant Treatment in Mental Disorders during Pregnancy

The Reference Book of the Neology of the Spanish Language

Climate Changes and Mango Production (Temperature)

A Survey of Motion Data Processing and Classification Techniques Based on Wearable Sensors

Will SpaceX Send Humans to Mars in 2028?
![Benzo[4’,5’]imidazo[2’,1’:6,1]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines: Past and Present](https://www.igminresearch.com/articles/figures/igmin113/igmin113.g001.png)
Benzo[4’,5’]imidazo[2’,1’:6,1]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines: Past and Present

Application of Virtual Reality (VR) in Facility Management Competency-based Training (CBT) in the Era of Industrie 5.0

Assessing Bee (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila) Diversity and Floral Preference in Two Habitats in the Iberian Peninsula

The Contribution of Medical Periodicals to the Development of Pediatric Science in Modern Conditions

Cyber Threat Analysis (CTA) in Current Conflicts

Erosion Corrosion of Commercially Pure Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Sodium Chloride Solutions with and Without Suspended Solids

Isolation and Characterization of Active Alkaloid Compounds from Cinnamomum Verum Cortexes and Proof of their Medicinal Efficacy against Pathogenic Fungus Alternaria Alternate Causing Upper Respiratory Tract Inflammatory Disease

Breast Cancer: The Road to a Personalized Prevention

Methodology of the Professional-Business Game for the Development of a Cadet Leader in Professional Training Courses (L-1B) of the Tactical Level of Military Education

The Educational Role of Cinema in Physical Sciences

Integrated Multi-fidelity Structural Optimization for UAV Wings

A New Physical Phenomenon Discovered When Microbiology Meets Surrealism: The Yoshida Effect has the Power to Fuse Bacteria and Nano-Acicular Materials

Unlawful Homicide of Two Ugly and Disabled Victims in a Japanese Tale Based on a True Story

Efficacy of Alternative Insecticides against Dusky Cotton Bug (Oxycarenus laetus) to Improve Yield Losses in Cotton Crops through Residue-based Bioassay

Theoretical Review on Microplastic Pollution: A Multifaceted Threat to Marine Ecosystems, Human Health, and Environment

Revolutionizing Duplicate Question Detection: A Deep Learning Approach for Stack Overflow

Wishful Thinking about Consciousness

The Effect of Stacking Sequence and Ply Orientation with Central Hole on Tensile Behavior of Glass Fiber-polyester Composite

Atmospheric Fungal Spore Injection: A Promising Breakthrough for Challenging the Impacts of Climate Change Through Cloud Seeding and Weather Modification

A Rare Entity of Idiopathic Clitoromegaly with HBsAg Positive Status Managed with Dorsal Nerve Sparing Clitoroplasty

Enhancing Missing Values Imputation through Transformer-Based Predictive Modeling

Modeling of Cr3+ doped Cassiterite (SnO2) Single Crystals

EB Naevi-like Lesion in Infant Bullous Pemphigoid

A Case of Facial Erysipelas with Necrosis of the Upper Eyelid

System for Detecting Moving Objects Using 3D Li-DAR Technology

In Biological Research, Single-cell RNA Sequencing Answers the Puzzles around Unusual Cell Types

Zinc Supplementation in Anorexic Children with Vomiting Syndrome: Evaluation from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Vietnam

Analysis of Reliable Transmission Performance Optimization Methods for Satellite-to-Ground Laser Communication Links

Indigenous Environmental Resilience: Decoding Ancient Rozvi Wisdom on Mountain Ecosystems as Disaster Management Solutions

Analytical Expressions of the Markov Chain of K-Ras4B Protein within the Catalytic Environment and a New Markov-State Model

DNA Genetics and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals for Asparagus racemosus Roots

Country Risk to Face Global Emergencies: Negative Effects of High Public Debt on Health Expenditures and Fatality Rate in COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis

Ammonia: A Trend of Dry Deposition in Vietnam

Trend of SO2 Gas Dry Deposition in Vietnam

Efficient Room Temperature Ethanol Vapor Sensing by Unique Fractal Features of Tin Oxide

Gaussian-Transform for the Dirac Wave Function and its Application to the Multicenter Molecular Integral Over Dirac Wave Functions for Solving the Molecular Matrix Dirac Equation

Current Oscillations and Resonances in Nanocrystals of Narrow-gap Semiconductors

Auxological Status of Modern Primary School Students of Nizhny Novgorod Region

Quantum Perception and Quantum Computation

AFM Analysis of Polymeric Membranes Fouling

Slip Resistance Evaluation of 10 Indoor Floor Surfaces

Revisit TBCK-A Pseudo Kinase or a True Kinase

Roadmap for Renewable Energy Development

Issues of Manufacturability of Roller Machines

Efficacy of Different Concentrations of Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) on Maize Stem Borer Infestation

High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Studies of the Natural Minerals of Gas Hydrates and Occurrence of Mixed Phases

Threat to Human and Animal Health Caused by Mycotoxins and Masked Mycotoxins Occurring in Food and Feed

Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents with Genitourinary Complaints: Is There a Still Role for Endocervical Gram Stains?

The policy development and current situation of information technology education in Taiwan

Revisiting 2,000 Years of Climate Change (Bad Science and the “Hockey Stick”)

The Role of CCL18 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Diseases

Synergistic Assessment of Supplementation of Ascorbic Acid and Massularia acuminata Extracts on Serum Electrolyte and Lipid Profile Indices of Dyslipidemia in Adult Wistar Rats Exposed to Aluminum Chloride Toxicity

The Role of Supplementation in Enhancing Recovery and Endurance among Fitness Trainers

A Study to Determine the Reason for Lower Pregnancy Rates in Younger Women with Diminished Oocyte Reserve-less Chance of Implanting vs. Fetal Demise

Communication Training at Medical School: A Quantitative Analysis

Relationship between Sustainable Development, Economy and Poverty

Lattice Boltzmann Method without Invoking the M << 1 Assumption

Investigation and Energy Modeling of New Generation Environmentally Friendly Energy Source Thorium Fueled Molten Salt Reactors

Exploring Markov Decision Processes: A Comprehensive Survey of Optimization Applications and Techniques

Use of Extraterrestrial Resources and Recycling Water: Curb Your Enthusiasm

On the Governing Equations for Velocity and Shear Stress of some Magnetohydrodynamic Motions of Rate-type Fluids and their Applications

Solar Energy Resource Potentials of the City of Arkadag

The Power of Artificial Intelligence for Improved Patient Outcomes, Ethical Practices and Overcoming Challenges

Wishful Thinking or Valuable Forecasts? The Value of Policy Rate Predictions in Sweden

Revisiting Ice Ages Cycles

Preparing for SpaceX Mission to Mars

Improved Energy Valley Optimizer with Levy Flight for Optimization Problems

Fred Vlès – Early Holistic Biophysicist and Pioneer of “Earthing”

A Capsule Neural Network (CNN) based Hybrid Approach for Identifying Sarcasm in Reddit Dataset

The use of FIKR (Facet, Insight, Knowledge, and Resilience) Personality as an Effective Assessment Tool to Select the Best Leadership in an Organization

Designing a Compact High-precision Positioner with Large Stroke Capability for Nanoindentation Devices

Fibrin Contributes to an Improvement of an in vitro Wound Repair Model using Fibroblast-populated Collagen Lattices

Knowledge Discovery on Artificial Intelligence and Physical Therapy: Document Mining Analysis

How Increased CO2 Warms the Earth-Two Contexts for the Greenhouse Gas Effect

Preventing Chronic Pain: Solutions to a Public Health Crisis

Educational Innovation amidst Globalization: Higher Education Institutions and Societal Integration

Comments to Megascopic Quantum Phenomena

The Antioxidant and Antidepressant Properties of Dietary Proteins Derived from Egg and Bean Extracts and Their Acute Toxicity: A Journey from Nutrition to Pharmacognosy

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among Self-reported Newly Diagnosed Diabetics

Analysis of Damages to Boiler Screen Tubes BKZ-160-100-GM (Barnaul Boiler Plant, steam productivity 160 t/h, pressure 100 kgf/cm2, Fuel: Natural Gas/Fuel Oil) after Reconstruction for Increased Steam Productivity to 210 t/h

Exit Schreiner Collection

Analysis of the State of Moisture Control to Ensure and Regulate the Quality of Grain and Grain Products

Mars Ascent Propellants and Life Support Resources - Take it or Make it?

Smart Mobility and Sensor Based-BRT Crusade, the Challenge for Auto Mechanics and Technicians in Africa

The Dibia in Igbo Traditional Socio-political and Metaphysical Economy: An Interrogation

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report

Machine Learning Applied to Electric Vehicle Routing Problem: Optimizing Costs for a Sustainable Environment

Impact of Insect Growth Regulators on Maize Stem Borer: A Recent Research Insight

Physical Activity and Lifestyle of Female Students of the Faculty of Health Sciences University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów (Poland)

A Machine Learning-based Method for COVID-19 and Pneumonia Detection

Potentially Toxic Metals in Cucumber Cucumis sativus Collected from Peninsular Malaysia: A Human Health Risk Assessment

Nanorobots in Medicine: Advancing Healthcare through Molecular Engineering: A Comprehensive Review

Contribution to the Knowledge of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Pakistan

Quality Culture - Lessons Learned from the Low- and Medium Income World

Maternal Knowledge and Practices in Caring for Children under Five with Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam

Contamination in Heat Exchangers: Types, Energy Effects and Prevention Methods

Boundary Value Problems in Ellipsoidal Geometry and Applications

The Comprehensive Regeneration Approach as a Framework for Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

Analysis of EU Countries’ Capabilities to Achieve Ambitious “Zero Victim” Vision in 2050

Use of Augmented Reality as a Radiation-free Alternative in Pain Management Spinal Surgeries

The Salt and Dust of the Aral Sea Could Turn Central Asia into A Second Sahara

Technical & Economic Feasibility Study of Proposed Pump Storage Power Plants at Kuda Oya, Mul Oya, Gurugal Oya, and Dambagasthalawa

Dimensioning of Splices Using the Magnetic System

Strengthening IoT Network Protocols: A Model Resilient Against Cyber Attacks

Enforcement and Enlargement of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Endoplasmic Reticulum through Artificial Evocation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Preventing Rectal Toxicity in Prostate Cancer: Diet and Supplement Alternative to Enemas or Rectal Spacer

On how Doping with Atoms of Gadolinium and Scandium affects the Surface Structure of Silicon

Evaluating Digital Imaging Technologies for Anogenital Injury Documentation in Sexual Assault Cases

The Influence of Low Pesticide Doses on Fusarium Molds

Estimate of Temperature Rise in the 21st Century for Various Scenarios

The Relationship between Energy and Climate Warming

Mastocytosis: Principles and Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of a Unique Disease

Risk of Nutritional Deficiencies and Changes in Dietary Patterns after Bariatric Surgery

New Scientific Field for Modelling Complex Dynamical Systems: The Cybernetics Artificial Intelligence (CAI)

Qualitative Model of Electrical Conductivity of Irradiated Semiconductor

Multicenter Molecular Integrals over Dirac Wave Functions for Several Fundamental Properties

Support for the use of Binomial Nomenclature in the Taxonomy of Viruses

Harnessing Microbes for the Benefit of Man

The Expressivity Dimension of Speech is the basis of the Expression Dimension. Evidence from Behavioural and Neuroimaging Studies

Deep Learning-based Multi-class Three-dimensional (3-D) Object Classification using Phase-only Digital Holographic Information

The Examination of Game Skills of Children Aged 5-6 Years Participating in Movement Education

Properties of Indium Antimonide Nanocrystals as Nanoelectronic Elements

Deep Semantic Segmentation New Model of Natural and Medical Images

Lunar-Derived Propellants for Fueling Mars-Bound Spacecraft in Cis-Lunar Space
The conventional method to send payloads to Mars is by direct trans-Mars injection (TMI) from LEO. NASA is considering an alternative of fueling large Mars-bound cargo transfer vehicles in cis-lunar space with propellants derived from the Moon by in situ propellant production (ISPP) prior to trans-Mars injection from cis-lunar space.
A large team of investigators developed an Evolvable Lunar Campaign (ELC) that defined its strategic objective as follows:
"The ELC strategic objective is commercial mining of propellant from lunar poles where it will be transported to lunar orbit to be used by NASA to send humans to Mars."
Unfortunately, sending Mars-bound vehicles to cis-lunar space prior to trans-Mars injection saves little mass in LEO, unnecessarily includes lunar ISPP, which is costly, complex, and risky, and at the bottom line, has no benefits.
The problem is that the amount of propellant needed to go from LEO to cis-lunar space is roughly comparable to the amount of propellant used for direct TMI from LEO, so the lunar-derived propellants only offset a small amount of propellant used to augment Mars Orbit Insertion and Entry, Descent, and Landing, and the amount of propellant required in LEO is almost the same in both cases. The initial mass in low Earth orbit (IMLEO) is not reduced much by utilizing lunar ISPP.
At the bottom line, sending Mars-bound MCTV to cis-lunar space adds complexity, cost, and risk and provides essentially no benefits.